Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a progressive vascular condition characterized by the accumulation of lipid-rich plaques within arterial walls, leading to stenosis, ischemia, and elevated risk of myocardial infarction or stroke. This category examines the pathophysiology of plaque formation, diagnostic imaging techniques such as coronary angiography and carotid ultrasound, and pharmacological interventions including statins, antiplatelet agents, and PCSK9 inhibitors. Surgical options such as angioplasty and endarterectomy are also addressed. Clinical precautions regarding lifestyle modification, lipid monitoring, and comorbidity management are reviewed to support informed patient care and long-term cardiovascular risk reduction.