Ear, Nose & Throat

Ear, nose, and throat conditions affect the upper respiratory tract, auditory system, and pharyngeal structures, presenting as chronic sinusitis, otitis media, allergic rhinitis, or hearing loss. Otolaryngologists diagnose these disorders through physical examination, audiometry, nasal endoscopy, and imaging when structural abnormalities are suspected. Treatment options range from nasal corticosteroids and antihistamines to surgical procedures such as septoplasty or functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Recognizing warning signs like unilateral hearing loss, hoarseness lasting beyond three weeks, or recurrent epistaxis is essential for excluding malignancy. Understanding when to seek specialist referral versus primary care management helps patients receive timely, appropriate treatment.