Jaundice

Jaundice is a clinical condition characterized by elevated bilirubin levels in the blood, resulting in visible yellowing of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclera. It commonly arises from hepatocellular dysfunction, biliary obstruction, or accelerated red blood cell hemolysis. Accurate diagnosis requires serum bilirubin fractionation, liver function panels, and imaging studies such as abdominal ultrasound or MRCP. Treatment depends entirely on the underlying etiology, ranging from phototherapy in neonatal cases to surgical intervention for obstructive causes. Timely medical evaluation is critical, as untreated jaundice may signal progressive liver disease, hemolytic anemia, or pancreatic pathology requiring urgent care.