Diabetes

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder marked by elevated blood glucose resulting from insufficient insulin secretion or impaired cellular insulin sensitivity. Type 1, Type 2, and gestational forms each carry distinct pathophysiological mechanisms and require individualized clinical management. Early symptoms often include persistent thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight changes, blurred vision, and delayed wound healing. Treatment strategies combine pharmacological agents such as metformin or insulin with structured dietary planning and regular physical activity. Early detection through HbA1c and fasting glucose testing is essential to prevent serious complications including neuropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular disease.