Dry Eyes

Dry eye syndrome develops when lacrimal glands produce insufficient tear volume or when meibomian gland dysfunction accelerates evaporation, leaving the ocular surface chronically inflamed. Contributing factors include prolonged screen use, hormonal changes, autoimmune disorders like Sjögren’s syndrome, and systemic medications such as antihistamines and isotretinoin. Treatment options span preservative-free artificial tears, lipid-based lubricants, and prescription anti-inflammatory drops including cyclosporine or lifitegrast for moderate-to-severe cases. In-office interventions such as thermal pulsation therapy and punctal plug insertion provide targeted relief when topical regimens prove insufficient. Regular ophthalmic evaluation ensures corneal health is monitored and therapeutic strategies are adjusted as the condition progresses.