Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder marked by insulin resistance and impaired beta-cell function, resulting in persistently elevated blood glucose. Common early symptoms include excessive thirst, frequent urination, blurred vision, and unexplained fatigue that often develop gradually over months. Standard treatment combines oral hypoglycemic medications such as metformin, GLP-1 receptor agonists, or insulin injections with individualized dietary modifications and regular aerobic activity. Physicians routinely monitor HbA1c levels every three to six months and screen for complications including retinopathy, nephropathy, and cardiovascular disease. Consistent glucose self-monitoring, weight management, and adherence to prescribed pharmacotherapy remain critical to preventing long-term organ damage.