Toenail Fungus

Toenail fungus, medically known as onychomycosis, is a common infection caused by dermatophytes, yeasts, or molds that invade the nail bed. The condition typically presents as yellowing, thickening, or crumbling of the nail, often beginning at the distal edge and progressing toward the cuticle. Risk factors include advanced age, diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, and prolonged exposure to moist environments. Topical antifungal agents such as ciclopirox may suffice for mild cases, while moderate to severe infections often require oral medications like terbinafine or itraconazole prescribed by a dermatologist or podiatrist. Early treatment reduces the risk of permanent nail damage and secondary bacterial spread to surrounding tissue.