Dementia

Dementia is a progressive neurological syndrome characterized by cognitive decline affecting memory, language, reasoning, and daily functioning. Alzheimer’s disease accounts for approximately 60 to 80 percent of all dementia cases, while vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia represent other common subtypes. Early recognition of symptoms such as persistent forgetfulness, disorientation, and impaired judgment enables clinicians to initiate diagnostic workups including neuroimaging, neuropsychological testing, and laboratory assessments. Current treatment strategies combine pharmacological interventions like cholinesterase inhibitors with non-pharmacological approaches tailored to disease stage. Preventive research continues to highlight the role of cardiovascular health, physical activity, and cognitive stimulation in reducing overall risk.