Myofascial release is a type of physical therapy aimed at treating myofascial pain syndrome, a persistent pain condition caused by heightened sensitivity and tightness in muscle tissues.
Myofascial pain commonly arises from tension or shortening of muscles and the thin connective tissues that envelop them, known as fascia. Tight areas can produce discomfort either locally (at the site) or in other regions of the body (referred pain).
Pain often stems from distinct spots within the myofascial tissue called “trigger points.” Myofascial release targets pain reduction by loosening the tension and stiffness at these trigger points. Although some individuals report improvements with myofascial release therapy, high-quality evidence is limited.
This article explains how myofascial release is thought to work, outlines possible benefits, and reviews potential risks.
How does myofascial release work?
Most myofascial release sessions occur as part of a massage therapy appointment. The therapist will gently palpate the myofascial layers and identify areas that feel tight or restricted. Healthy myofascial tissue should feel supple and springy.
The therapist applies sustained, gentle pressure and may stretch the stiffened regions with light manual force. These hands-on techniques aim to ease muscle contractions that compress surrounding tissues, thereby improving muscle performance and alleviating pain.
While many practitioners provide manual myofascial release, certain devices and tools can also help alleviate myofascial tension at home.
Who might benefit from myofascial release?
Myofascial release is an adjunctive therapy for people dealing with myofascial pain syndrome. Common symptoms of this condition include:
- a dull, aching muscular discomfort
- muscle pain that intensifies with movement
- palpable painful knots within muscles
- decreased range of motion in the affected areas
- disturbances in mood or sleep
If you think you might have myofascial pain syndrome, consult a healthcare provider for evaluation. After diagnosis, a clinician can develop an individualized treatment plan. Standard approaches for myofascial pain syndrome may include:
- analgesic and anti-inflammatory medications
- muscle relaxants
- Botox injections
- physical therapy
Alongside a physician-approved regimen, some people choose to try myofascial release. Although robust clinical proof of its benefit is lacking, anecdotal reports and patient experiences support its use for some individuals.
Learn more about myofascial pain here.
What are the risks of myofascial release?
Myofascial release performed by a trained massage therapist carries minimal risk. However, it might not be appropriate for people with a higher susceptibility to injury, such as frail older adults.
In rare instances, possible adverse effects include:
- bruising
- an allergic reaction to oils, gels, or lotions used
- fractures
- nerve injury
Does science support myofascial release?
Some studies have reported promising results for using myofascial release to address myofascial pain, but larger, well-designed trials are needed to determine its effectiveness conclusively. At present, there is no universal agreement on its efficacy.
Nevertheless, given its generally low risk profile, many people with chronic or acute back pain may consider trying it to see if it offers symptom relief, particularly if they wish to avoid surgical options.
The bottom line
Myofascial release is an alternative hands-on therapy aimed at easing myofascial pain syndrome by manipulating identified trigger points to reduce tension and discomfort in muscles and surrounding connective tissue.
Evidence for its effectiveness is limited, but it is usually well tolerated and poses a low risk of complications for most people.
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