Why Do Men Get Nipple Discharge?

Overview

Nipple discharge refers to any fluid that seeps from the nipple. It may occur spontaneously or only when the nipple is pressed. It can involve one or both nipples. The hue and texture of the fluid vary based on the underlying cause. Any nipple discharge in a man warrants medical evaluation.

At birth, males possess breast tissue and milk ducts similar to females, but during puberty exposure to male hormones leads most of that tissue to become fatty rather than enlarging. Some ducts and glandular tissue remain, so several reasons for nipple discharge overlap between men and women.

Nipple discharge in men is uncommon. When it does occur, it’s important to consult a physician because it can indicate breast cancer.

What causes nipple discharge in men?

Nipple discharge usually signals an underlying condition. Only a limited number of factors cause male nipple fluid. These include:

Puberty

Adolescent males may have nipple discharge because of fluctuating hormones. Frequent squeezing or manipulating the nipples can make discharge more likely.

Breast cancer

Possible accompanying signs include:

• clear or bloody discharge
• fluid coming from only one nipple
• often a small, firm mass in the breast accompanies the discharge
• the nipple may invert (turn inward) when it used to protrude
• palpable, firm lymph nodes in the armpit

Learn more about breast cancer.

Duct ectasia

This condition happens when ducts beneath the nipple become blocked and inflamed. Associated symptoms may include:

• one breast affected
• thick, sticky discharge that may be greenish or multicolored
• nipple that is swollen, painful, and itchy
• a lump from scar tissue or infection and sometimes bloody discharge
• duct ectasia is benign and does not raise your cancer risk

Learn more about duct ectasia.

Gynecomastia

Gynecomastia is enlargement and swelling of one or both male breasts.

Symptoms may include breast tenderness and a burning sensation.

Learn more about gynecomastia.

Breast infection

Although breast infections are more typical in breastfeeding women, men can get them as well. Symptoms may include:

• thick discharge with a greenish tint
• one breast affected
• warm, painful, reddened breast tissue

Learn more about breast infections.

Intraductal papilloma

An intraductal papilloma is a benign growth inside a milk duct. Signs may include:

• breast enlargement
• a single large lump close to the nipple or multiple smaller lumps further from the nipple
• sticky, bloody discharge

Learn more about intraductal papilloma.

Pituitary tumor

The pituitary gland regulates hormones involved in milk production. A prolactinoma is a pituitary tumor that secretes prolactin. Elevated prolactin lowers testosterone in men and estrogen in women. Possible symptoms include:

• enlarged breasts
• milky discharge
• sexual dysfunction such as inability to maintain an erection or ejaculate

Learn more about pituitary tumors.

How is nipple discharge in men treated?

Treatment is determined by the causative condition and may include:

• antibiotics for infections
• surgical removal of tumors or severely obstructed ducts
• management of the underlying disorder
• therapies such as radiation or chemotherapy when indicated

Takeaway

Any man with nipple discharge should seek medical attention since it can reflect an infection or a serious disease like breast cancer.

Outcomes for infections and breast cancer improve when they are identified and treated early.