Suppositories for Hemorrhoids: Do They Work?

Suppositories and hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids are enlarged blood vessels located in and around the anus and rectum. They can swell and become inflamed, resulting in pain and discomfort.

Suppositories are solid medicinal forms intended to be placed into the rectum, where they dissolve and are absorbed through the rectal lining. They typically consist of a fatty base such as oil or cream combined with an active drug.

Over-the-counter (OTC) suppositories are most effective for mild hemorrhoid symptoms. There are several varieties of suppositories available, each containing different agents for different effects.

Some hemorrhoid suppositories reduce swelling and burning, while others help ease constipation that can aggravate hemorrhoids. Stronger, prescription versions of many OTC products are also offered.

Homemade hemorrhoid suppositories are another possibility. Herbal options like witch hazel and coconut oil may provide symptom relief. However, these DIY suppositories typically lack pharmaceutical agents to directly treat inflammation and pain.

Suppository vs. topical

Internal hemorrhoids form inside the rectum, whereas external hemorrhoids develop beneath the skin surrounding the anus.

External hemorrhoids often lead to itching, irritation, and pain. Internal hemorrhoids can be painful too, though they may cause less discomfort because the rectal lining has fewer sensory nerve endings.

Creams, ointments, and pastes are frequently applied to external hemorrhoids for short-term relief. Both OTC and prescription topical products can reduce burning, itching, or mild pain.

Suppositories are more suitable for internal hemorrhoids. The medication is absorbed by rectal tissue and can relieve the discomfort and pain associated with hemorrhoids. They may also calm symptoms from external hemorrhoids in some cases.

Suppositories are commonly used two to four times daily for about a week. Inserting one after a bowel movement is preferred so the effect can last longer.

External creams and ointments can be applied as needed, but their relief often doesn’t last as long as that from a suppository. A suppository dissolves more gradually, releasing medication over an extended period.

Both topical agents and suppositories should be used only for short durations to avoid potential complications.

Minor bleeding is common with hemorrhoids. Small amounts of bright red blood on toilet paper or stool are normal and using a suppository is still acceptable. If you notice black stool or significant bleeding, contact your physician.

Best practice for using a suppository

You can insert a suppository yourself. If needed, a family member can help until you become comfortable with the procedure.

Gather the suppository and any applicator that came with it, plus access to soap and a sink. Some people prefer a water-based lubricating jelly to ease insertion.

First, ensure the suppository is firm. If it feels too soft, chill it in the refrigerator for several minutes before insertion. The cooling sensation can also be soothing.

Try to empty your bowels beforehand. The longer the medication stays in place without being expelled, the more effective it will be.

Step 1

When ready, remove lower clothing and peel away any wrapping from the suppository. Apply a small amount of lubricating jelly to the tapered end. Avoid petroleum-based products like Vaseline, as they may interfere with the suppository’s melting.

Step 2

Stand beside a chair with one foot rested on it, or lie on one side with the lower leg straight and the upper leg bent toward the belly. Relax the buttocks and take a deep breath.

Step 3

Insert the suppository into the rectum, tapered end first. Gently but firmly push it in so it’s at least an inch beyond the anal sphincter.

Step 4

Remain seated or lying down for at least 15 minutes. This allows body heat to melt the suppository and enables absorption to begin.

Step 5

After 15 minutes, dress and discard any packaging. Wash your hands thoroughly.

Tips for use

Try not to use the toilet for at least an hour. This gives the medication more time to be absorbed before being washed away by urine or a bowel movement.

If your suppository includes a gauze insert with a string, leave the gauze in place for at least an hour, then gently pull the string to remove it.

Suppository options

Different types of suppositories contain different active components. Here’s a comparison of several OTC options:

Shop for OTC suppository options online.

Most OTC suppositories are intended for short-term use. If symptoms don’t improve after one week, discontinue use and consult your doctor.

Your clinician may recommend alternative therapies, including prescription-strength suppositories:

Herbal and home remedies

Besides OTC and prescription medicated suppositories, you can create natural suppositories. These aim to soothe symptoms but don’t include pharmaceutical agents to reduce swelling, inflammation, or pain.

Coconut oil suppositories can be used for hemorrhoid relief. These are made by freezing coconut oil into small molds. When needed, remove one and quickly insert it into the rectum.

The chilled oil gives immediate soothing. Coconut oil may also offer longer-lasting comfort due to possible anti-inflammatory effects.

You can also craft laxative suppositories by mixing mineral oil with a solid fat such as coconut oil or cocoa butter. Freeze the mixture in small cylinders and use one when necessary.

Mineral oil is absorbed and can help lubricate stool as it passes through the intestines.

Caution

Do not use OTC hemorrhoid medications for more than one week without a doctor’s approval. Ingredients in suppositories and other products can irritate the delicate rectal tissue and may cause inflammation, rash, or thinning of the skin.

Follow your doctor’s directions for prescription hemorrhoid medicines and do not use them more often than directed. If relief is inadequate, discuss alternative approaches with your physician.

The bottom line

Suppositories are a treatment choice for hemorrhoids, particularly effective for internal hemorrhoid discomfort and pain. They are useful when ointments, creams, or medicated wipes do not offer sufficient relief.

OTC suppositories should be used only briefly, as frequent use can produce side effects such as irritation and rash.

Consult your doctor if OTC treatments don’t relieve your symptoms and you need to explore other options.